Terrorist Cells Find Foothold in Balkans;
Arrests Point to Attacks Within Europe
The Washington Post (Final Edition) - December 1, 2005 Thursday
By: Rade Maroevic and Daniel Williams, Washington Post Foreign Service
SARAJEVO, Bosnia - The raid netted explosives, rifles, other arms and a
videotape pledging vengeance for the "brothers" killed fighting Americans in
Afghanistan and Iraq. Police found the cache in an apartment occupied by an
underground group that was aiming to blow up the British Embassy in Sarajevo,
Western intelligence officials said.
The Oct. 19 bust in Sarajevo confirmed a suspicion among several intelligence
agents that Bosnia and other parts of the Balkans are becoming a launching pad
for terrorist attacks in Europe.
In particular, Islamic radicals are looking to create cells of so-called white
al Qaeda, non-Arab members who can evade racial profiling used by police forces
to watch for potential terrorists. "They want to look European to carry out
operations in Europe," said a Western intelligence agent in Belgrade, the
capital of Serbia and Montenegro, adjacent to Bosnia. "It's yet another
evolution in the tools used by terrorists."
Parts of the Balkans, stuck in lawless limbo after years of war in the 1990s,
are ripe recruitment territory for Middle East radicals, intelligence officials
say. Bosnia is still divided among Muslim, Croat and Serb population areas, even
if nominally united under the 10-year-old Dayton peace agreement that ended
ethnic warfare.
Muslim enclaves in Serbia are restive, and Muslim-majority Kosovo remains an
estranged province campaigning for independence six years after NATO bombing
forced out Serb-dominated Yugoslav troops.
The Balkans have long been a freeway for smugglers of cigarettes, drugs, weapons
and prostitutes. "All the conditions are present. Embittered Muslims, arms,
corruption -- everything underground operators need to get established," said
the Western intelligence official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
The raid on the Sarajevo group, which was said to have had contacts with cells
in Denmark and Britain, was not the only event that raised concern. During the
summer, Italian and Croatian police arrested five people who allegedly plotted
to bomb the funeral of Pope John Paul II in Vatican City in April.
In addition, Serbian police accidentally came across a key suspect in the March
2004 bombings of Madrid commuter trains while he was traveling through the
country by train. He arrived in the Balkans in July, and Serbian police
investigators conjecture that he was seeking haven either in Bosnia or Kosovo
and perhaps safe passage to the Middle East. They quickly extradited the man,
Abdelmajid Bouchar, a Moroccan citizen, to Spain.
U.S. and allied intelligence officers have long worked together in Sarajevo to
keep an eye on Islamic radicals in Bosnia. After the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks in
the United States, the CIA and other foreign agencies set up a joint, fortified
headquarters to keep tabs on terrorism suspects in Bosnia, a Western
intelligence source in Sarajevo said.
The spy teams operate separately from the chief international overseers of
Bosnia, the Office of the High Representative, according to the official.
During the three-sided war in Bosnia, hundreds of fighters from Arab and other
Middle Eastern countries flocked to Bosnia to fight on behalf of the Muslim
faction against Croats and Serbs. Many of the foreign mujaheddin, or holy
warriors, were expelled after the war, according to the Bosnian government, but
others remained and received passports.
Today, parts of Bosnia framed by the cities of Zenica, Tuzla, Sarajevo and
Travnik are home to these immigrants and compose the core regions for Islamic
militancy, Bosnian police and Western intelligence officials say.
Until recently, the immigrants tried to keep a low profile. Western intelligence
officials here and in Belgrade surmised that they wanted to exploit Bosnia as a
logistics and transit point and not invite a crackdown from local police or
European Union peacekeepers.
The Sarajevo arrests changed that perception. A Bosnian Interior Ministry
official, Robert Cvrtak, released the names of four detainees from the raid:
Cesur Abdulkadir, who is of Turkish heritage; Mirsad Bektasevic, a Swedish
citizen of Bosnian origin; and Bajro Ikanovic and Almir Bajric, both Bosnian
citizens. Among their activities, Bosnian police said, were hiding explosives
inside lemons and tennis balls and trying to set up training camps in the hills
near Sarajevo.
Last Thursday night, Bosnian police arrested a fifth suspect in the town of
Hadzici, near Sarajevo. The police found about 20 pounds of explosives hidden in
woods near his home. The man, whose name has not been made public, is suspected
of being in charge of providing explosives to the rest of group.
Police officials here say Bektasevic, 19, also ran a Web site on behalf of Abu
Musab Zarqawi, the Jordanian who heads the insurgent group al Qaeda in Iraq. He
had pictures of the White House in his computer, they added.
Bektasevic operated under the code name Maximus and kept in touch with a group
of at least three men in Britain. British police arrested them in early
November, according to press reports.
A week after the original Sarajevo arrests, police in Copenhagen detained four
men ages 16 to 20 and said they had planned suicide bombings somewhere in
Europe. "We had a very short period to investigate, but our information
indicated that their action was imminent," said a police spokesman, Joern Bro.
The Danes believed that the Copenhagen suspects had been in contact by phone and
e-mail with Bektasevic.
In August, police in Croatia arrested five Bosnians whom Italian military
intelligence had fingered for involvement in a plot to bomb the papal funeral.
The group originated in Gornja Maoca, a town in northeastern Bosnia, and had
planned to smuggle rocket launchers, explosives and detonators into Italy. The
plot fell apart, Western intelligence officials said, when a suspect was
arrested in Rome in April. The Croatian police, acting on a tip from the
Italians, found the others in Croatia.
The capture of Bouchar, suspected in the Madrid train bombings, in Serbia in
July surprised police there. They had thought he was just another Middle
Easterner traveling illegally through the country until an Interpol fingerprint
check revealed his identity.
Authorities say Bouchar had narrowly escaped death or capture shortly after the
Madrid attacks, when police there sealed off an apartment where suspects were
hiding. Seven men died in the residence by detonating explosives. Bouchar,
however, was taking out garbage at the time and fled, Serbian and Spanish
officials say.
He traveled to Brussels, where he expected to obtain forged documents,
authorities said. However, his contacts there were either under arrest or
fleeing police. He moved on and spent time in Austrian and Hungarian jails, but
was freed. No one in either country checked his fingerprints.
When picked up heading toward Belgrade, he was wearing a new business suit.
Western intelligence officials in Belgrade note that Serbia, although
predominantly non-Muslim, has pockets of Muslims in the Sanjak region near
Montenegro as well as Kosovo and other areas along the province's border.
Williams reported from Belgrade.
Copyright 2005 The Washington Post
Posted for Fair Use only.
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